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February 6, 2013 at 4:04 am #141871
Gl;itch.eMemberPerhaps this is just above my scientific reasoning level, but I don't quite get the conclusion of the article from the data. 1st off, the rats were fasting for 15 straight hours prior to feeding, which could have confounding effects on its own. Secondly, the isoleucine solution didn't even result in the most glycogen stored in muscle. I didn't really see an adequate answer in the "where did the glucose go" paragraph either.What am I missing?
There needs to be more studies done to come up with more evidence for whats happening obviously. My experiment idea was based on the thought that Isoleucine (on its own) "might" have benefit for the low carb portion of the day in order to help clear out blood and liver glucose to potentially accelerate fatloss. Its not really anything they were talking about directly. Just an idea. I cant see it being of use at any other time of day because when you are having your big carb feedings you are also getting a ton of protein which will have more than ample Isoleucine present. Supplementing on top of that is likely to be worthless.
February 13, 2013 at 5:50 pm #141872
ManBearFrogMemberI haven't really seen this article posted, but then again I haven't searched this topic outside this thread either. In reference to the quote below, I've gone through several databases on multiple search terms, and there's just not a whole lot to be found on this topic. The articles abstracted and linked below do seem to support the conclusion that isoleucine lowers plasma insulin, primarily through skeletal muscle uptake (although the works cited for the GLUT-4 connection show to be from the early 1990s, so I think we'd all prefer to see more recent research with current methods and human studies). The other issue that I see with using isoleucine for glycemic maintenance is that the researchers showed a "sweet spot" dose of .45g/Kg, or about 50g for a 245-250lb male. Even with the .3g/Kg dose that they showed to be less effective, we'd still be talking about 30+ grams.
There needs to be more studies done to come up with more evidence for whats happening obviously. My experiment idea was based on the thought that Isoleucine (on its own) "might" have benefit for the low carb portion of the day in order to help clear out blood and liver glucose to potentially accelerate fatloss. Its not really anything they were talking about directly. Just an idea. I cant see it being of use at any other time of day because when you are having your big carb feedings you are also getting a ton of protein which will have more than ample Isoleucine present. Supplementing on top of that is likely to be worthless.
"Isoleucine, a branched chain amino acid, plays an important role in the improvement of glucose metabolism as evidenced by the increase of insulin-independent glucose uptake in vitro. This study evaluated the effect of isoleucine on glucose uptake and oxidation in fasted rats and on gluconeogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of isoleucine decreased the plasma glucose level by 20% and significantly increased muscle glucose uptake by 71% without significant elevation of the plasma insulin level compared with controls at 60 mm after administration. Furthermore, expiratory excretion of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose in isoleucine-administered rats was increased by 19% compared with controls. Meanwhile, isoleucine decreased AMP levels in the liver but did not affect hepatic glycogen synthesis. Under insulin-free conditions, isoleucine significantly inhibited glucose production when alanine was used as a glucogenic substrate in isolated hepatocytes. This inhibition by isoleucine was also associated with a decline in mRNA levels for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and a decreased activity of G6Pase in isolated hepatocytes. These findings suggest that a reduction of gluconeogenesis in liver, along with an increase of glucose uptake in the muscle, is also involved in the hypoglycemic effect of isoleucine. In conclusion, isoleucine administration stimulates both glucose uptake in the muscle and whole body glucose oxidation, in addition to depressing gluconeogenesis in the liver, thereby leading to the hypoglycemic effect in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]"Full text link: http://ajpendo.physiology.org/content/292/6/E1683.longThis article by the same researchers supports the conclusion as well (in fact, the article above builds on this initial one), but again, the dose was outrageous if you convert it to human levels."Leucine and isoleucine were shown to stimulate insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of leucine and isoleucine on blood glucose in food-deprived rats and on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the possible involvement of the energy sensor, 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in the modulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, which is independent of insulin, and also in leucine- or isoleucine-stimulated glucose uptake. Oral administration of isoleucine, but not leucine, significantly decreased the plasma glucose concentration. An i.v. bolus of 2-[1,2-3H]-deoxyglucose (2-[3H]DG) was administered to calculate glucose uptake. Glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle did not differ after leucine administration, but glucose uptake in the muscles of rats administered isoleucine was 73% greater than in controls, suggesting that isoleucine increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake in vivo. On the contrary, in the skeletal muscles, administration of leucine but not isoleucine significantly increased [U-14C]-glucose incorporation into glycogen compared with controls. AMPK α1 activity in skeletal muscle was not affected by leucine or isoleucine administration. However, isoleucine, but not leucine, significantly decreased AMPK α2 activity. The decrease in AMPK α2 activity was thought to be due to decreases in AMP content and the AMP:ATP ratio, which were related to the isoleucine administration. This is the first report of isoleucine stimulating glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle in vivo, and these results indicate that there might be a relation between the reduction in blood glucose and the increase in skeletal muscle glucose uptake that occur with isoleucine administration in rats. The alterations in glucose metabolism caused by isoleucine may result in an improvement of the availability of ATP in the absence of increases in AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle."Full text: http://jn.nutrition.org/content/135/9/2103.full
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